This study is framed within the multifaceted issue of state-building in the nineteenth century and its relationship with Indigenous American societies. It addresses one of the most enduring aspects of this relationship: the land question in the context of advancing privatization and the establishment of private property. New analytical perspectives are provided for a region of Argentina that has been, and continues to be, shaped by these processes. Focusing on the Andean highlands of Jujuy Province, the study examines the judicial developments that supported reforms in civil procedures and the legal debates in criminal courts arising from successive Indigenous land protests that emerged in the late nineteenth century.
